scholarly journals The Influence of the Madden–Julian Oscillation on Ocean Surface Heat Fluxes and Sea Surface Temperature

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Jones ◽  
Duane E. Waliser ◽  
Catherine Gautier
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Surface Heat Fluxes

Sea Surface Heat Fluxes and Fortnightly Modulation of the Surface Temperature within the Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California

2013 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 1400-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martínez-Díaz-de-León ◽  
Rubén Castro ◽  
E. Santamaría-del-Ángel ◽  
I. Pacheco-Ruiz ◽  
R. Blanco-Betancourt
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Heat Fluxes

scholarly journals A numerical study of the windstorm Klaus: sensitivity to sea surface temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazario Tartaglione ◽  
Rodrigo Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Moisture Convergence ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Weather Forecasts

<p>This article investigates the role of sea surface temperature (SST) as well as the effects of evaporation and moisture convergence on the evolution of cyclone Klaus, which occurred on January 23 and 24, 2009. To elucidate the role of sea surface temperature (SST) and air–sea fluxes in the dynamics of the cyclone, ten hydrostatic mesoscale simulations were performed by Bologna Limited Area Model (BOLAM). The first one was a control experiment with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) SST analysis. The nine following simulations are sensitivity experiments where the SST are obtained by adding a constant value by 1 to 9 K to the ECMWF field. Results show that a warmer sea increases the surface latent heat fluxes and the moisture convergence, favoring the development of convection in the storm. Convection is affected immediately by the increased SST. Later on, drop of mean sea level pressure (MSLP) occurs together with increasing of surface winds. The cyclone trajectory is not sensitive to change in SST differently from MSLP and convective precipitation.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Sea Surface Temperature Forcing in the Life-Cycle of Mediterranean Cyclones

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Stathopoulos ◽  
Platon Patlakas ◽  
Christos Tsalis ◽  
George Kallos
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Mediterranean Cyclones ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

Air–sea interface processes are highly associated with the evolution and intensity of marine-developed storms. Specifically, in the Mediterranean Sea, the air–ocean temperature deviations have a profound role during the several stages of Mediterranean cyclonic events. Subsequently, this enhances the need for better knowledge and representation of the sea surface temperature (SST). In this work, an analysis of the impact and uncertainty of the SST from different well-known datasets on the life-cycle of Mediterranean cyclones is attempted. Daily SST from the Real Time Global SST (RTG_SST) and hourly SST fields from the Operational SST and Sea Ice Ocean Analysis (OSTIA) and the NEMO ocean circulation model are implemented in the RAMS/ICLAMS-WAM coupled modeling system. For the needs of the study, the Mediterranean cyclones Trixi, Numa, and Zorbas were selected. Numerical experiments covered all stages of their life-cycles (five to seven days). Model results have been analyzed in terms of storm tracks and intensities, cyclonic structural characteristics, and derived heat fluxes. Remote sensing data from the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals (IMERG) for Global Precipitation Measurements (GPM), Blended Sea Winds, and JASON altimetry missions were employed for a qualitative and quantitative comparison of modeled results in precipitation, maximum surface wind speed, and wave height. Spatiotemporal deviations in the SST forcing rather than significant differences in the maximum/minimum SST values, seem to mainly contribute to the differences between the model results. Considerable deviations emerged in the resulting heat fluxes, while the most important differences were found in precipitation exhibiting spatial and intensity variations reaching 100 mm. The employment of widely used products is shown to result in different outcomes and this point should be taken into consideration in forecasting and early warning systems.

scholarly journals Seasonality of Decadal Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Northwestern Pacific

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2953-2968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Mochizuki ◽  
Hideji Kida
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Surface Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Budget ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Sst Anomaly

Abstract The seasonality of the decadal sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and the related physical processes in the northwestern Pacific were investigated using a three-dimensional bulk mixed layer model. In the Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension (KOE) region, the strongest decadal SST anomaly was observed during December–February, while that of the central North Pacific occurred during February–April. From an examination of the seasonal heat budget of the ocean mixed layer, it was revealed that the seasonal-scale enhancement of the decadal SST anomaly in the KOE region was controlled by horizontal Ekman temperature transport in early winter and by vertical entrainment in autumn. The temperature transport by the geostrophic current made only a slight contribution to the seasonal variation of the decadal SST anomaly, despite controlling the upper-ocean thermal conditions on decadal time scales through the slow Rossby wave adjustment to the wind stress curl. When averaging over the entire KOE region, the contribution from the net sea surface heat flux was also no longer significantly detected. By examining the horizontal distributions of the local thermal damping rate, however, it was concluded that the wintertime decadal SST anomaly in the eastern KOE region was rather damped by the net sea surface heat flux. It was due to the fact that the anomalous local thermal damping of the SST anomaly resulting from the vertical entrainment in autumn was considerably strong enough to suppress the anomalous local atmospheric thermal forcing that acted to enhance the decadal SST anomaly.

Diversity of the Madden-Julian Oscillation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guosen Chen ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Fei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Kelvin Wave ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Zonal Scale ◽  
Wave Response

&lt;p&gt;Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of atmospheric intraseasonal variability and the cornerstone for subseasonal prediction of extreme weather events. Climate modeling and prediction of MJO remain a big challenge, partially due to lack of understanding the MJO diversity. Here, we delineate observed MJO diversity by cluster analysis of propagation patterns of MJO events, which reveals four archetypes: standing, jumping, slow eastward propagation, and fast eastward propagation. Each type of MJO exhibits distinctive east-west asymmetric circulation and thermodynamic structures. Tight coupling between the Kelvin wave response and major convection is unique for the propagating events (slow and fast propagations), while the strength and length of Kelvin wave response distinguish slow and fast propagations. The Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies can affect MJO diversity by modifying the Kelvin wave response and its coupling to MJO convection. An El Ni&amp;#241;o state tends to increase the zonal scale of Kelvin wave response, to amplify it, and to enhance its coupling to the convection, while a La Ni&amp;#241;a state tends to decrease the zonal scale of Kelvin wave response, to suppress it, and to weaken its coupling to the major convection. This effect of background sea surface temperature on the MJO diversity has been verified by using a theoretical model. The results shed light on the mechanisms responsible for MJO diversity and provide potential precursors for foreseeing MJO propagation.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The Effect of Diurnal Sea Surface Temperature Warming on Climatological Air–Sea Fluxes

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2546-2556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Anne Clayson ◽  
Alec S. Bogdanoff
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Heat Budget ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Diurnal Warming ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Diurnal sea surface warming affects the fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat, and upwelling longwave radiation. Diurnal warming most typically reaches maximum values of 3°C, although very localized events may reach 7°–8°C. An analysis of multiple years of diurnal warming over the global ice-free oceans indicates that heat fluxes determined by using the predawn sea surface temperature can differ by more than 100% in localized regions over those in which the sea surface temperature is allowed to fluctuate on a diurnal basis. A comparison of flux climatologies produced by these two analyses demonstrates that significant portions of the tropical oceans experience differences on a yearly average of up to 10 W m−2. Regions with the highest climatological differences include the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, as well as the equatorial western and eastern Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the western coasts of Central America and North Africa. Globally the difference is on average 4.45 W m−2. The difference in the evaporation rate globally is on the order of 4% of the total ocean–atmosphere evaporation. Although the instantaneous, year-to-year, and seasonal fluctuations in various locations can be substantial, the global average differs by less than 0.1 W m−2 throughout the entire 10-yr time period. A global heat budget that uses atmospheric datasets containing diurnal variability but a sea surface temperature that has removed this signal may be underestimating the flux to the atmosphere by a fairly constant value.

scholarly journals Improving the Altimeter-Derived Surface Currents Using High-Resolution Sea Surface Temperature Data: A Feasability Study Based on Model Outputs

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2769-2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-H. Rio ◽  
R. Santoleri ◽  
R. Bourdalle-Badie ◽  
A. Griffa ◽  
L. Piterbarg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Surface Currents ◽  
Ocean Surface Currents

AbstractAccurate knowledge of ocean surface currents at high spatial and temporal resolutions is crucial for a gamut of applications. The altimeter observing system, by providing repeated global measurements of the sea surface height, has been by far the most exploited system to estimate ocean surface currents over the past 20 years. However, it neither permits the observation of currents moving away from the geostrophic balance nor is it capable of resolving the shortest spatial and temporal scales of the currents. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, in this study the ways in which the high-spatial-resolution and high-temporal-resolution information from sea surface temperature (SST) images can improve the altimeter current estimates are investigated. The method involves inverting the SST evolution equation for the velocity by prescribing the source and sink terms and employing the altimeter currents as the large-scale background flow. The method feasibility is tested using modeled data from the Mercator Ocean system. This study shows that the methodology may improve the altimeter velocities at spatial scales not resolved by the altimeter system (i.e., below 150 km) but also at larger scales, where the geostrophic equilibrium might not be the unique or dominant process of the ocean circulation. In particular, the major improvements (more than 30% on the meridional component) are obtained in the equatorial band, where the geostrophic assumption is not valid. Finally, the main issues anticipated when this method is applied using real datasets are investigated and discussed.

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